If you want to track your investments and stay on top stocks in a watchlist, I’ve created a template which will make that easy to do. My 2025 Stock Trading Template is a free template in Google Sheets that you can use for that purpose. It will give you a place to enter trades, populate a watchlist, and visually see how your investments are doing on a dashboard. Below, I’ll go over how the template works and how you can access it.
Entering in stock trades on the template
The template contains an Activity tab where you can enter any buy and sell transactions. You can also specify cash-only transactions if you make a deposit or withdrawal. It’s also possible to enter both a trade and a cash transaction on the same line.
In the screenshot below, you’ll see a cash-only transaction on the first row, and the one below has a stock purchase along with cash deposit amount. Any withdrawals should be entered as negative values in column D. This is for the purpose of tracking both the value of your investments and cash in your portfolio.
You’ll want to reconcile your cash balance in the last column to ensure that it is properly accounted for. The current value of your holdings will pull into Google Sheets using the most recent stock prices; there’s no need to update the current price.
The only columns you need to populate in this table are A:G. The others will calculate automatically.
Keeping track of a watchlist
If you want to also track certain stocks, you can do so using the Watchlist tab. Simply enter the ticker symbol in column A and the value in column B will populate, which shows the stock’s percent change for the most recent trading day.
You only need to enter data in column A. The rest of the values will populate on their own and display on the summary tab.
View your holdings and watchlist on the summary tab
Once you’ve entered your holdings and the stocks you want to track, you can head over to the Summary tab which will summarize your financial position. Here you’ll see the current value of your investments, your gains and losses, and your return over the trailing 12 months (TTM) as well as how stocks have been performing in individual months.
Below the headers, in row 4, you’ll also see your watchlist, sorted in order of highest to lowest returns for that day. It will cut off after 300 characters so you may not see all of them on there if you have a large watchlist.
Download the template
You can access the Google Sheets template in the link below, which will prompt you to make a copy of it. I have entered some sample data for you to see how it works, and you can overwrite it with your own entries.
If you have any feedback, comments, or suggestions for improvement on the template, please feel free to contact me and let me know.
If you like the 2025 Stock Trading Template, please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow me on Twitter and YouTube. Also, please consider buying me a coffee if you find my website helpful and would like to support it.
If you want to create conditional formatting rules but want to easily change the cutoff values for them, you can link your rules to specific cells, to make that process easy. Below, I’ll show you how to make your conditional formatting rules dynamic. Rather than going into the settings each time, you can just update specific cells, which will change your cutoff points.
Creating conditional formatting rules for changes in stock prices
A common example where you might want to adjust the cutoff values for conditional formatting rules is when dealing with stock prices. Suppose you want to highlight stocks when they have risen by more than 5%. But in other cases, such as when you’re looking at a long time frame, you may want the threshold to be much higher than that. This is where linking conditional formatting rules can be advantageous, by making the update process easier.
In the spreadsheet below, I have a list of stocks and their respective returns between December 31, 2024 and January 31, 2025. I have pulled in their performances using Excel’s STOCKHISTORY function.
In this scenario, I may want to highlight stocks which have returns of more than 5% as green, and those which are down by 5% in red. I’ll create two conditional formatting rules to highlight both the return and the stock. Here’s how one of the rules looks:
The downside of this rule is that the 0.05 value is hardcoded. If I want to change the threshold, I would need to go back into the conditional formatting rules and modify it. There is an easier way around this, and that’s by just linking to a specific cell.
In the above example, I’ve entered the values that I want to link my conditional formatting rules to. In the case of a green highlight, I’m going to link to cell E2. And when I’m formatting the cells red, I’ll link to cell E3. Here’s how my updated conditional formatting rule will look:
Now, I’ve removed the hardcoded value and my conditional formatting rule now points to a specific cell, which is frozen and doesn’t change. To do the same thing for my red highlight rule, when the values are down 5%, I do the same thing, except flip the sign and refer to cell $E$3:
My conditional formatting rules are correctly applied to my data set, highlighting returns of more than 5% in green, and returns of less than negative 5% in red:
The advantage here is I can easily update my thresholds by just modifying the values in column E. If I change them to 10% for green and -10% for red, I simply make the changes in those cells and my conditional formatting updates immediately:
By setting up my conditional formatting rules this way, it’s easy to update the process in seconds and at the same time, I can see what my threshold are.
If you like this post on How to Apply Dynamic Conditional Formatting and Link Rules to Specific Cells, please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow me on Twitter and YouTube. Also, please consider buying me a coffee if you find my website helpful and would like to support it.
If you want to compare and contrast between two sets of values, a chart can help you accomplish that. In this post, I’m going to show you how you can compare multiple investment returns, and using a chart to not only map them but to also display the variances. For this example, I’m going to compare the historical returns of the S&P 500 against the S&P TSX 60.
Step 1: Setting up the table
The first thing to do is to plot the values into a table format, making it easy to compare the differences. Below, I have multiple columns for the year, S&P 500 returns, and the S&P TSX 60 returns.
Step 2: Calculating the differences and starting point values
The goal of this chart is going to be to not just plot the values of these returns but to also show the gap between them. This can be a little tricky since the value scan be both positive and negative. It’s important to determine where the starting point for the column chart needs to be, and where it finishes.
The first calculated column I’m going to create is for the starting point. If the two returns are both negative, then it will take the largest value (i.e. smallest negative number). Otherwise, it will take the smallest positive value. The formula for the first set of values in row 2 looks as follows:
=IF(AND(B2<0,C2<0),MAX(B2:C2),MIN(B2:C2))
Next, it’s necessary to calculate the gap for when there are both positive and negative returns, and when a crossover needs to happen to get to 0. This column, called crossover, will check to see if the returns are both positive or both negative. And if they are, then it will remain 0 since no crossover is needed. Otherwise, it will return the starting value. The formula for this column is as follows:
=IF((B2*C2)>0,0,D2)
By multiplying the values for both returns, it checks to see if there is a mix of positive values. If there is, then the value will be negative. If they aren’t, then it will return a 0 value.
Lastly, there is a column for the final difference field. First, it checks whether there is a value in the crossover field. If there is, it takes the maximum value in column B or C, which will be the other part of the gap to be filled in . If there isn’t a crossover value, then it looks at the starting value. If the starting value is positive, then it takes the largest value and subtracts the positive one. Otherwise, if the starting value is negative, then it takes the lowest value and subtracts the largest. This is what the formula looks like:
And here is the table, with the values calculated:
Step 3: Creating the chart
Now that the data is setup, the next step is to plot the values on a chart. This requires the use of a combination chart. To create it, make sure a cell on the data set is selected, click on the Insert tab and select the button to pop out more Charts. Go to the All Charts tab and select Combo. The S&P 500 and S&P TSX 60 fields, select the option for Line with Markers and for the others, choose Stacked Column.
Initially, the chart is likely going to look incorrect and may include the date field. To fix this, right-click on the chart and click on Select Data. Remove the Year field if it is there. For the other fields, adjust the Horizontal Axis labels to ensure they are reflecting the year:
The chart still has a lot to fix in terms of formatting:
For the line charts, right-click on them and select Format Data Series. Since only the data point is necessary, I will go under the fill bucket tab and under the Line category, select No Line.
Next, the the starting value column, format the data series and for the fill bucket, set the Fill option to No Fill. Then, change the fill color for the difference and crossover columns so that they are the same color. I’ll use grey in this example.
To ensure the column charts stack properly, you’ll also want to modify the order of the series. Right-click to select the data, and ensure that Crossover field comes before the Starting field, followed by the Difference field. Here’s how the chart looks at this stage:
To clean up the chart a bit, I will move the labels to the bottom. This can be done by right-clicking on the years and selecting Format Axis. Under the Labels section, set the Label Position to Low. I’ll also delete the legend labels for the Crossover, Starting, and Difference fields. The last change is to set a chart title. This is what the final result looks like:
If you like this post on How to Create a Chart to Show a Range of Differences, please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow me on Twitter and YouTube. Also, please consider buying me a coffee if you find my website helpful and would like to support it.
Heat maps can help you easily identify high and low values. You’ll often find them to display stock prices to show which stocks did well, and which ones didn’t. They can also make it easy to see whether it was a good or bad day on the markets when looking at a list of stocks. In this post, I’ll show you how to create a heat map in Google Sheets to do this.
Step 1: Populating your list of stocks
To start with, I’m going to need a list of stocks to track. I’m going to use the top 20 most valuable stocks as of today’s date and put them into a list:
Step 2: Calculate the percentage change
Next, I’ll need to setup the percentage change. This can be either the percent change from the previous day, or I could calculate how a stock has done over a specific timeframe, such as a 12-month period. In Google Sheets, you can use the GOOGLEFINANACE function to track the percent change from the previous day. Here’s what that formula would look like, assuming I want to calculate this for the ticker symbol in cell A2:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(A2,”changepct”)
This will return a value to display the percent change.
I’m going to use a more complicated example, however, to show how the stock has performed over the past year. First, I’ll pull in the current stock price, using the following formula:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(A2,”price”)
The trickier part is to pull in the price from a year ago. To go back 365 days, I can set the start date equal to today’s date minus 365 days:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(A2,”price”,TODAY()-365)
The problem is that this returns a table, occupying two rows and columns:
To ensure I’m just pulling in the closing price, I’ll use the INDEX function to grab the value from the second row and second column:
=INDEX(GOOGLEFINANCE(A2,”price”,TODAY()-365),2,2)
Now, to calculate the percent change, I will take the current price and divide it by the historical price:
I add the -1 at the end to get just the percent change. Now, if I format my values in percentages, I can see how the stocks have performed over the past 12 months:
Step 3: Ranking the values
Using the RANK function in Google Sheets, I can easily determine which stocks were the best and worst performers in the range. The following formula just takes the percentage value in column B and compares it against all the values in that column:
=RANK(B2,B:B)
By copying this formula down, I can now see a ranking of all the values:
Step 4: Populate the stocks in order of their performances
Now that the data is setup, I can start arranging the values in order of largest to smallest. To do this, I’m going to use the INDEX function along with the MATCH function to extract the stocks based on their performances. Here is what the first formula will be:
=INDEX($A:$A,MATCH(COLUMN(A1),$C:$C,FALSE),1)
I use the COLUMN function because what I am going to do is drag this formula to the right, so that my largest values go from left to right. And as I copy the formula, A1 will become B1, then C1, and so on. The purpose of this is to increment the function to get the next value. Here is what my table looks like for the first five values:
These were the five best-performing stocks that were in my list. Below these values, I’m going to also pull in the percentages. This is accomplished through the following formula:
=INDEX($B:$B,MATCH(COLUMN(A1),$C:$C,FALSE),1)
Now I have a list of the top ticker symbols and their percentage gains:
Step 5: Creating conditional formatting rules
I have the values setup and next I’ll need to create conditional formatting rules to display different colors based on their relative performances. I’ll use a bright green for the best performance, and gradually show a white color when the values are close to zero, and red when they are negative.
I’m going to setup a table which shows the different thresholds I want to track, so it’s easy to change these conditional formatting rules right on the spreadsheet:
This is my table of values in column K. To setup the rules, I’m going to select the ticker symbols which I ranked in step 4, and create the following conditional formatting rule to start with:
I’m going to repeat these steps for the values in K2, K3, K4, and K5. I’ll adjust the colors to differentiate between the colors ranges I specified earlier. I use the same formula but simply adjust the cell I’m comparing to:
One thing to note here is that the value I’m using as my comparison is in row two, which is where my percentages are. This means for the conditional formatting rules in the first row, Google Sheets is looking the row below, which contains the percentages.
I’ll need to create another set of conditional formatting rules for the actual percentages themselves in row two. In order to avoid disrupting the formulas and the logic for the first row, I’ll need to create these rules from scratch again. It’s important not to just copy the formatting rules as Google Sheets will end up misinterpreting what I want it to do.
After selecting the values in E2:I2, I create the same conditional formatting rules. The one key difference is that this time I’m referencing the values in row two, not the row below. Once that’s setup, you should now see the same conditional formatting rules applied to both rows:
Step 6: Create borders and setup additional formatting
Before I copy over the formulas and conditional formatting to more rows, I’m going to setup additional formatting and borders. I’m going to make the ticker font larger and bold. And I’ll also outline a border for each stock and its percent change. Here’s what my tickers look like after making these changes:
Step 7: Copying the formatting rules and formulas to accommodate more stocks
I created a row of top 5 stocks but I’m going to expand this so that I have four rows of five stocks each, so that I’m capturing all 20 stocks in my list. To do this, I’m going to copy the cells in E1:I2 multiple times:
I’ve copied the formulas but I need to adjust them so that they aren’t all starting from the top-ranking stock all over again. Here’s how I’m going to adjust this. For the formulas in cells E3:E4, I’m going to add five so that they start at the sixth value. This is the updated formula in E3:
=INDEX($A:$A,MATCH(COLUMN(A3)+5,$C:$C,FALSE),1)
Now I’m going to do the same thing for cell E4. Once I’m done, I’ll copy the formulas across and now my second row is updated to show the stocks in the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th positions:
For the next row, I’ll add 10 to the formulas in column E. Then copy those across. Repeat the same process for the next set of rows and add 15, and do the same. Here’s what my updated table looks like:
Now my heat map is setup to show the percent changes. But as you can see, there’s not a lot of variability here. I’m going to change my values in column K as follows: 100%, 60%, 30%, 20%, -100%. I always leave the last one to -100% to ensure it captures everything else. With the updated rules, now my heat map looks as follows:
Although the values in red are not negative, based on the rules I’ve set out, it highlights the lowest-performing stocks in this list as red, and thus, the sheet follows the rules correctly. You can expand this to include more stocks or to track daily changes or other values.
If you like this post on How to Create a Stock Heat Map in Google Sheets, please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow me on Twitter and YouTube. Also, please consider buying me a coffee if you find my website helpful and would like to support it.
If you’re pulling in stock prices into your spreadsheet, you can easily plot those values on a chart. And one way to help visualize the data is to add horizontal lines to help you identify where the maximum and minimum values are. I’ll go over how this can be done in both Excel and Google Sheets.
Pulling in the historical stock prices in Excel and Google Sheets
In Excel, you can use the STOCKHISTORY function to pull in historical stock prices. And in Google Sheets, there’s the GOOGLEFINANCE function. Both are fairly straightforward functions which can extract stock prices going back days, months, and even years.
Below, I’ve pulled Nvidia’s stock price history from Jan 1, 2024 through to Oct 31, 2024, in Excel:
And here is the price history in Google Sheets:
Calculating the highs and lows
In Google Sheets, you can pull in a stock’s 52-week high and low from right within the GOOGLEFINANCE function. But in this example, I’m going to calculate the minimum and maximum values based on the range that has been downloaded. This will make the chart more dynamic, allowing you to have these values updated based on your range.
In both Excel and Google Sheets, I’ll setup columns for HIGH and LOW. I’ll use the MAX function to get the highest value and the MIN function to get the lowest value. The only argument needed is the column which contains the closing price. The same value needs to be repeated in both of these columns to ensure the line is horizontal.
The formula is exactly the same whether you’re using Excel or Google Sheets. What’s important, however, is to ensure the values are the same all the way down; you’ll want to copy it all the way to the bottom. Here’s how it looks in Excel:
Plotting the values on a chart
Next, with the highs and lows added, it’s just a matter of creating a line chart which shows these values. The default formatting in Excel already does this effectively for me, displaying the high and low ranges:
At this stage, it’s just a matter of any additional formatting you may wish to do, such as changing the line colors. I also prefer to make these dotted lines, and this can be done by changing the dash type. Here’s what my finished chart looks like in Excel:
To format the individual lines, right-click to Format Data Series, where you can then change the color and the dash type. The changes I made above are to change the color to black and the lines to a dash. I have also added vertical gridlines to the chart by going to the Chart Design tab and selecting Add Chart Element and Gridlines and then clicking Primary Major Vertical.
On Google Sheets, the process is largely the same. The main difference is that you need to access the edit chart menu and under the Customize tab, select your options for gridlines, color, and dash type for an individual data series.
If you like this post on Add Horizontal Lines to Stock Charts to Identify Min and Max Values in Excel and Google Sheets, please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow me on Twitter and YouTube. Also, please consider buying me a coffee if you find my website helpful and would like to support it.
Google Sheets makes it easy to pull in data from the internet, including stock prices. An advantage it has over Excel’s StockHistory function is that it can pull prices even before the trading day has finished. This gives users access to more up-to-date information. Plus, it’s easy to track not just one or two stock prices in Google Sheets but even hundreds.
How to pull in a stock price for a ticker symbol in Google Sheets
Using the GOOGLEFINANCE function, you can quickly pull in a stock price easily. Here are the main components of the function:
Ticker
Attribute. Below are the attributes you can use for stocks:
“price”: current price, up to 20 minutes delayed.
“priceopen”: the opening price.
“high”: the current day high.
“low”: the current day low.
“volume”: the current day’s volume.
“marketcap”: the stock’s current market cap.
“tradetime”: the time the last trade was made.
“datadelay”: how delayed the real-time data is.
“volumeavg”: the stock’s average trading volume.
“pe”: the price-to-earnings ratio.
“eps”: the most recent earnings per share.
“high52”: the stock’s 52-week high.
“low52′: the stock’s 52-week low.
“change”: the change in stock price from the previous day’s close.
“changepct”: the percentage change in price from the previous day’s close.
“beta”: the stock’s beta value.
“closeyest”: the previous day’s closing price.
“shares”: the number of shares outstanding.
“currency”: the stock’s currency
Start Date
End Date
Interval
You don’t, however, need to fill in all of the arguments. For example, the following formula only uses the ticker and the attribute field and it will pull in Amazon’s current stock price:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(“AMZN”,”price”)
If you want to pull in Amazon’s stock price for the first trading day of the year, you could use the following formula:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(“AMZN”,”price”,”1/1/2024″)
This will return the following table:
Although January 1 was not a trading day, the formula automatically gets the data for the next trading day. If you just want to get the closing price and don’t want the rest of the table, you can nest this formula within the INDEX function as follows:
Since we are getting the second column and the second row, it will only retrieve the closing price for that day. This method works when you are just pulling in the stock price for a single date.
Adding a prefix for exchanges
If you want to track a lot of stocks, the one thing you may inevitably run into is a situation where Google Sheets doesn’t correctly identify your stock ticker. If, for example, you want to pull in a stock from a different exchange, entering just the ticker symbol alone won’t be enough. If I wanted to pull in the price for Air Canada stock, which has a ticker symbol AC on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), this formula won’t work:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(“AC”,”price”)
Instead, that formula will return the value for Associated Capital Group, which trades on the NYSE. Google Sheets effectively takes its best guess as to which ticker you want to pull in. But as you can imagine, it may get it wrong if you have a symbol which is active on multiple exchanges.
To get around this, you can incorporate an indicator for the exchange. For the TSX, it’s TSE. If you’re not sure which one to use, go to the Google Finance website and look for the stock you want, and take note of the code for the exchange:
To ensure the GOOGLEFINANCE function is retrieving the correct stock, I can adjust my formula as follows:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(“TSE:AC”,”price”)
You can follow the same methodology for other stocks and exchanges.
Creating a template to track hundreds of stocks
To create a template to help you track stocks in Google Sheets, all you really need are a few fields. One for the ticker, one for the exchange, plus one for the stock price. I’ll also add one for the % change. This can help you build out a dashboard.
If I have my tickers in column A and the exchange code in column B, I can combine the values to create a dynamic formula which will update based on those combinations. This way, I can avoid having to hardcode the individual stock tickers. Here’s how that formula would look:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(B2&”:”&A2,”price”)
The key is to combine those values and separate them with a colon in-between, so that the format is exchange:ticker. Now, when I create my template, I can copy that formula down and it will pull in stock prices which aren’t based solely on just the stock ticker:
Let’s extend this a bit further and now also include the percent change from the previous day. If I want to format it as a percentage, I need to make sure I divide the value by 100:
=GOOGLEFINANCE(B2&”:”&A2,”changepct”)/100
And now I can display both the stock price and the percent change from the previous day:
You can copy these formulas down hundreds of rows, making it possible to track as many stocks as you need in Google Sheets.
If you like this post on How to Track Hundreds of Stocks in Google Sheets, please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow me on Twitter and YouTube. Also, please consider buying me a coffee if you find my website helpful and would like to support it.
In a previous post, I went over how to download a company’s financial statements from the Wall Street Journal’s website. However, that connection appears to now be closed. One of the risks when using Power Query to download data from a website that the connection will always be there. But there is another way to get financial statement data, and it can allow you to download much morethan what was available through the Wall Street Journal.
You’ll need to setup an account with Alpha Vantage
The website that you can use is Alpha Vantage. It provides API access which you can use to download financial data. There is a free account but there is a limit to the number of requests you can make every day — up to 25. But with the wealth of information you can get with just a single query, there’s a lot of data you can accumulate.
Once you sign up for an account with Alpha Vantage, you’ll have an API key that you can use to connect to its database. You’ll need to save that key to download the data.
Use the site’s custom Excel add-in
Once you have the API key, you can start downloading data. But rather than creating your own template or even using Power Query, what you can do is download the sample Excel files that are available on the site on the spreadsheets page. Here you can select to download the Office 365 add-on, which also includes sample Excel files that can get you started in seconds.
There is a template called FundamentalData.xlsx which contains a file that’s ready to go to import the financials. When you first open it, you’ll need to select the AlphaVantage(Web) tab and click on the Open Taskpane command.
From there, you’ll see an option to input your API Key.
Then, on the filings tab, you’ll see an area where you can specify the ticker symbol you want, the type of filing (cash flow, income statement, or balance sheet) and the reporting frequency (quarterly versus annual). Then, as you make your selections, the data on your spreadsheet will update with various financial metrics.
Using Alpha Vantage is one of the better options for investors today who want to download financial data into Excel.
Importing financial statement data in Google Sheets
The company also has a Google Sheets add-on available from the Google Workspace Marketplace, just go to Extensions ->Add-ons -> Get add-ons. Then search for ‘Alpha Vantage’ and download the add-on:
Once installed, go back to the Extensions menu, select Alpha Vantage Market Data and select Enter API Key, where you can paste your API key into. Once that’s done, you can use formulas to pull in financials. The following pulls in the quarterly income statement data for MSFT stock:
For a full breakdown of what you can download on Google Sheets, refer to the documentation on the Alpha Vantage website.
Download the data using Power Query
If you prefer not to install an add-in, then you can still download the data from Alpha Vantage using Power Query. You can refer to the documentation for the various links to pull financial data. For the income statement, for example, this is the following url:
Where Ticker is the stock symbol and Demo is your API Key. To generate the data in Power Query, use the Get Data option and select From Web and paste the URL into there:
Then, once Power Query is loaded up you have the option to specify whether you want the list for the annual reports or the quarterly reports.
If I select the quarterlyReports list, I’ll have another list of records. I can expand this by clicking on the Convert To Table button in Power Query:
This will put everything back into a single column. This time, however, I can expand all the fields out by clicking the two arrows going in opposing directions.
Now my data looks complete:
And this is what it looks like once it’s loaded back into Excel:
If you like this post on How to Import Financial Statements Into Excel and Google Sheets please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow me on Twitter and YouTube. Also, please consider buying me a coffee if you find my website helpful and would like to support it.
Moving averages can be useful in data analysis, when looking at trends both in finance and in the stock market. You can look at 30, 60, 90 day trends, and even longer or shorter durations. There’s also a difference between whether you are looking at a simple moving average and an exponential moving average. In this article, I’ll go over the differences between the two, and show you how you can calculate them in Excel.
How to Calculate a Moving Average (MA) in Excel
A moving average is a simple tool used by investors and traders to smooth out price data over a specified period. It is called “moving” because it is continually recalculated based on the latest data, providing a dynamic view of an asset’s average price over time. The advantage of an MA is its simplicity as it can easily be calculated.
A moving average is calculated by simply taking the average of the trailing periods. In the case of a 60-day MA, you would look at the average over the past 60 days. If it’s a 90-day MA, then you average the past 90 days. In the following example, I have the price of Bitcoin over the past few years. Ideally, when setting up moving averages, you want your dates in ascending order, going from oldest to newest.
Here are the steps to calculate the moving average:
Determine the number of periods you want to go back. For 5 days, it will be 5, for 10 days it will be 10, and so on.
Calculate the average in the adjacent column. Make sure you do not freeze cells.
Copy the formula down so that the average moves (hence why you do not want to freeze cells).
Here is what the values look like, along with the formula for each cell:
The average is continuously moving with each cell, but it always contains a range of 20 values since the 20-day MA contains 20 days. Oftentimes, people using multiple moving averages as a way to identify crossovers, such as when stocks cross 20-day MAs and 50-day MAs. Depending on the direction of the crossover, it can be a very bullish indicator (20-day MA crosses from underneath) or a very bearish indicator (20-day MA crosses from above). This is what those moving averages look like for Bitcoin and how they appear on a chart:
In this example, the 20-day MA made a bullish crossover recently, going higher than the 50-day MA. This is a very bullish trend. However, with simple moving averages, these trends can take a while to develop, and that is one of the drawbacks of using them — they are slower to react to recent price movements.
How to Calculate an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) in Excel
The exponential moving average (EMA) gives more weight to recent prices, making it more responsive to new information, and thus, there’s less of a lag effect; changes and crossovers can occur much more rapidly. This characteristic makes the EMA a preferred choice for many traders, especially those looking to capitalize on short-term trends.
Here’s how to calculate an exponential moving average in Excel:
Determine the number of periods, as you did with the simple moving average.
Calculate a multiplier, using the formula 2 / (period +1). In the case of a 20-day MA, the multiplier would be 0.095, which is 2/(20+1).
Calculate the moving average for the first period. The very first period needs to be a simple moving average.
For every value afterwards, you’ll use the following formula: =Multiplier x (Current Price – Previous EMA) + Previous EMA.
Here’s how this would be calculated with the price of Bitcoin, as in the previous example:
After the initial moving average, the subsequent averages are calculated using the weighting. Here’s a side-by-side comparison of how the 50-day EMA compares with the 50-day MA. I’m using 50-day averages here since they are normally slower to see movements in. But by using an EMA, that can help expedite trends.
The 50-day EMA makes quicker, more rapid movements and is changing more frequently while the 50-day MA is smoother and more gradual in its changes. With Bitcoin’s price rising rapidly in recent weeks, that uptrend is observed more immediately with the EMA than with the simple MA.
Which Should You Use: MA or EMA?
While both MAs and EMAs provide valuable insights into market trends, the choice between them depends on the specific needs of the trader or analyst. MAs are best suited for identifying long-term trends, as they smooth out price fluctuations evenly. In contrast, EMAs are ideal for those looking to react quickly to recent price changes due to their emphasis on newer data.
By understanding the differences between these two types of averages and knowing how to calculate them in Excel, investors and analysts can better tailor their strategies to suit their goals. Whether it’s the simplicity and broad trend identification of the MA or the responsiveness of the EMA to new information, both tools can be useful.
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Do you buy stocks? Help track your transactions and your returns with this stock trading template. This is an update over the previous stock trading template, offering more reports and analysis, and the ability to more easily track your portfolio’s performance. In this post, I’ll go over how the template works, and how to use it.
Using the stock trading template for the first time
When you first use the 2024 stock trading template, there are a few items you may wish to modify on the Settings tab. These are the end date (by default set to today) and the short-term trading days cutoff. The end date is used because the reporting tab looks at the trailing 12 months. So if you want a cutoff as of Dec. 31, 2023 and see the full year, you can modify the cutoff there. But if you want to look at your returns up until today, you can leave that as is, up to today’s date.
The short-term trading days cutoff is used for a report which pulls your gains and losses over this number of days. If you’re a very active trader, you my want to lessen this interval to 30 days or less. If, however, you don’t trade that often, you may prefer a longer cutoff. The default is set to 60.
Enter transactions in the file
To make the data-entry process simple, there is a userform which will allow you to enter your buy and sell transactions. You can also enter starting balances and dividend payments. You can access the form from the Trading Journal section on the Home tab, right within the Excel ribbon.
By clicking the Enter Transaction button, you will see the following form pop up:
To start, you can use the Date Picker button to select the transaction date. With the date picker, you can use the button on the left and right side to move one month at a time. You can also select the month from the drop-down list. You can change the year by just typing in the year of the transaction. Once you have the right date and month, use the tab key so that the calendar updates. Then, click on the date the transaction relates to.
Next, select the action type. This will determine which fields you need to enter. There are multiple options to choose from.
If you are buying a new stock you don’t already own, select Open New Position.
If you already own a stock and are adding more shares, select Add to Existing Position.
If you are selling shares of a stock you own, select Sell Shares.
If you are adding cash to your portfolio, select Enter Contribution.
If you are withdrawing cash from your portfolio, select Enter Withdrawal.
If you are recording dividend payments, please select Enter Dividends.
If you are already own stocks and need to enter in your initial positions, select Starting Balance. For starting cash positions, use the Enter Contribution option.
You will then see a different form based on your selection, showing you which fields you need to enter.
Using different investing strategies
By default, there are three investing strategies you can select from when buying a stock: Buy and Hold, Contrarian, and Speculative. This can be helpful if you want to track how your different strategies work. If you don’t use different strategies, you can just leave everything as Buy and Hold. If, however, you want to add or modify strategies, click on the Update Strategies button when entering a new position:
That will then populate a new userform where you can manage the different strategies.
How the template tracks transactions
When you enter a transaction, it goes into two places. One is the Activity tab, and this acts as a log for everything you’ve entered. There is also the Transactions tab, which is designed for traders to track their opened and closed positions.
The data also flows through to the Summary tab, where you will be able to see your running portfolio balance, track gains and losses, and also see reports highlighting your overall trading performance. To make sure that all the charts update correctly, click on the Refresh button from the Trading Journal section on the Home tab.
Download the template
Want to try out the template? You can download the trial version here. It is limited to 25 transactions. If you like it, please consider purchasing the full version.
If you run into any issues with the template or have feedback or suggestions for improvements, please feel free to contact me. Please include the name of the template when drafting your message.
If you like the 2024 Stock Trading Template, please give this site a like on Facebook and also be sure to check out some of the many templates that we have available for download. You can also follow us on Twitter and YouTube.
The Price/Earnings to Growth (PEG) Ratio is a metric that enhances the traditional price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio by incorporating the company’s earnings growth rate into the calculation. This ratio is calculated by dividing the P/E ratio by the annual earnings per share (EPS) growth rate.
This calculation provides a more nuanced view of a stock’s valuation by factoring in future earnings growth, offering a more comprehensive perspective compared to the P/E ratio alone, which only considers the current price relative to earnings.
Why Investors Find the PEG Ratio Useful
Investors use the PEG ratio for several reasons. It allows for a more balanced comparison between companies with differing growth rates. A high P/E ratio might suggest a stock is overvalued, but when accounting for strong anticipated growth (as the PEG ratio does), the stock might actually be undervalued. This makes the PEG ratio a favored tool for identifying stocks that might offer a better return on investment, particularly when looking for good growth stocks.
The PEG ratio also aids in evaluating the potential overvaluation or undervaluation of a stock in relation to its growth prospects. A PEG ratio below 1 is often interpreted as a stock being undervalued given its earnings growth, whereas a ratio above 1 might indicate overvaluation. This simple benchmark can guide investors in making more informed decisions.
What is the Formula to Calculate the PEG Ratio?
The PEG ratio includes two components: the stock’s P/E ratio and the annual EPS growth rate. This is what the formula looks like:
Creating a template in Excel to calculate the PEG Ratio
Calculating the PEG ratio in Excel is straightforward, allowing investors to efficiently assess multiple stocks’ growth prospects against their valuations. Here’s a step-by-step guide to setup a worksheet to help you do this:
Input Data: Begin by entering the necessary data into Excel. You’ll need the current stock price, EPS, and the annual EPS growth rate. Ideally, you’ll want to setup the inputs first, followed by the formulas at the bottom. This will make it easier to enter the data in logical steps: first the ticker, the stock price, the EPS, and then the annual EPS growth.
For the annual EPS growth rate, you can pull this from a site such as Yahoo Finance (it’s under the ‘Analysis’ section). The percentage used is based on the next 5 years. Although it is percentage, enter it as a number (i.e. 100% would be 100).
Calculate P/E Ratio: In the first calculation cell, I’ll calculate the P/E ratio by dividing the stock price by the EPS.
Calculate PEG Ratio: The next calculation cell is the PEG ratio. This is calculated by taking the P/E ratio and dividing it by the annual EPS growth rate. If a stock is expected to grow at a 50% growth rate, the value should be 50, not 0.5 (i.e. don’t enter it as a percentage). Otherwise, this won’t calculate correctly.
Conditional Formatting. This is an optional step, but one which can help with your analysis. Use conditional formatting rules to highlight the PEG ratio based on its value. If it is less than 1, I’ll apply a green highlighting, a red highlight if it is more than 3, and yellow for anything in-between. Here is how you might set that up with an icon set
Here is how the template looks based on their stock prices and data as of Feb. 1, 2024:
In the above example, we have a fast-growing stock in NVDA, a moderate-growing stock in AAPL, and a slower-growing one in KO. Essentially what we are doing here is looking if the EPS growth rate is higher than the P/E ratio. If it is, that suggests it is not an expensive buy. NVDA, for example, is expected to more than double each year for the next five years, as is evident by its 102% EPS growth rate. While that would make it look like a cheap buy, you’re also assuming that it really can achieve that kind of a growth rate, which would be no easy feat. That leads us to an important part section: the limitations of this calculation.
Limitations of the PEG Ratio
While the PEG ratio offers valuable insights into a stock’s potential value by incorporating growth into the valuation equation, it’s important to recognize its limitations. Understanding these constraints can help investors use the PEG ratio more effectively alongside other analysis tools.
Growth Rate Estimations: The PEG ratio is heavily dependent on the accuracy of the earnings growth rate projections. These forecasts can be highly speculative and vary widely among analysts. Overly optimistic or pessimistic growth estimates can skew the PEG ratio, leading to potentially misleading conclusions about a stock’s valuation.
Historical Growth vs. Future Potential: The PEG ratio typically uses historical data to predict future growth, but past performance is not always a reliable indicator of future results. Companies in rapidly changing industries or facing new competitors may not sustain their previous growth rates.
One-Size-Fits-All Approach: The simplicity of the PEG ratio, while a strength, can also be a drawback. It does not account for the nuances of different industries or the specific risks and opportunities facing individual companies. A low PEG ratio does not guarantee success, nor does a high PEG ratio always indicate a bad investment.
Dividend Exclusion: The PEG ratio does not consider dividend payments. For income-focused investors, a company’s dividend yield and the stability of its dividend payments can be as important as growth. Companies with high dividend yields might be undervalued by the PEG ratio, which only focuses on earnings growth.
Market Conditions: The effectiveness of the PEG ratio can also be influenced by the overall market conditions. During bull markets, growth stocks tend to perform well, and their high PEG ratios may be justified by the market’s momentum. Conversely, in bear markets, value stocks with lower PEG ratios might be more favorable, regardless of growth projections.
Quantitative Focus: The PEG ratio is a purely quantitative tool and does not take qualitative factors into account. Elements such as management quality, brand strength, market position, and industry trends can significantly impact a company’s future performance but are not reflected in the PEG ratio.
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